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GNU Make

See the following documentation for specific discussion on using GNU make.

• Overview of make
• How to Read This Manual
• Problems and Bugs
• An Introduction to Makefiles
• What a Rule Looks Like
• A Simple Makefile
• How make Processes a Makefile
• Variables Make Makefiles Simpler
• Letting make Deduce the Commands
• Another Style of Makefile
• Rules for Cleaning the Directory
• Writing Makefiles
• What Makefiles Contain
• What Name to Give Your Makefile
• What Name to Give Your Makefile
• Including Other Makefiles
• The Variable, MAKEFILES
• How Makefiles Are Remade
• Overriding Part of Another Makefile
• Writing Rules
• Rule Syntax
• Using Wildcard Characters in File Names
• Wildcard Examples
• Pitfalls of Using Wildcards
• The Function wildcard
• Searching Directories for Dependencies
• VPATH: Search Path for All Dependencies
• The vpath Directive
• Writing Shell Commands with Directory Search
• Directory Search and Implicit Rules
• Directory Search for Link Libraries
• Phony Targets
• Rules without Commands or Dependencies
• Empty Target Files to Record Events
• Special Built-in Target Names
• Multiple Targets in a Rule
• Multiple Rules for One Target
• Static Pattern Rules
• Syntax of Static Pattern Rules
• Static Pattern Rules versus Implicit Rules
• Double-Colon Rules
• Generating Dependencies Automatically
• Writing the Commands in Rules
• Command Echoing
• Command Execution
• Parallel Execution
• Errors in Commands
• Interrupting or Killing make
• Recursive Use of make
• How the MAKE Variable Works
• Communicating Variables to a Sub-make
• Communicating Options to a Sub-make
• The ‘--print-directory’ Option
• Defining Canned Command Sequences
• Using Empty Commands
• How to Use Variables
• Basics of Variable References
• The Two Flavors of Variables
• Advanced Features for Reference to Variables
• Substitution References
• Computed Variable Names
• How Variables Get Their Values
• Setting Variables
• Appending More Text to Variables
• The override Directive
• Defining Variables Verbatim
• Variables from the Environment
• Conditional Parts of Makefiles
• Example of a Conditional
• Syntax of Conditionals
• Conditionals that Test Flags
• Functions for Transforming Text
• Function Call Syntax
• Functions for String Substitution and Analysis
• Functions for File Names
• The foreach Function
• The origin Function
• The shell Function
• How to Run make
• Arguments to Specify the Makefile
• Arguments to Specify the Goals
• Instead of Executing the Commands
• Avoiding Recompilation of Some Files
• Overriding Variables
• Testing the Compilation of a Program
• Summary of Options
• Implicit Rules
• Using Implicit Rules
• Catalogue of Implicit Rules
• Variables Used by Implicit Rules
• Chains of Implicit Rules
• Defining and Redefining Pattern Rules
• Introduction to Pattern Rules
• Pattern Rule Examples
• Automatic Variables
• How Patterns Match
• Match-Anything Pattern Rules
• Canceling Implicit Rules
• Defining Last-Resort Default Rules
• Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules
• Implicit Rule Search Algorithm
• Using make to Update Archive Files
• Archive Members as Targets
• Implicit Rule for Archive Member Targets
• Updating Archive Symbol Directories
• Dangers When Using Archives
• Suffix Rules for Archive Files
• Features of GNU make
• Incompatibilities and Missing Features
• Makefile Conventions
• General Conventions for Makefiles
• Utilities in Makefiles
• Standard Targets for Users
• Variables for Specifying Commands
• Variables for Installation Directories
• Quick Reference
• Complex Makefile Example
• Index